For 78,000 Years, People Have Called a Kenyan Forest Cave Home
The layers of Panga ya Saidi reveal millennia of subtle cultural and technological change.
BY NATASHA FROST MAY 10, 2018
THE DZITSONI HILLS WIGGLE DOWN the Kenyan coast, starting west of the country’s oldest city, Mombasa, and stretching some 50 miles north. They’re several miles from the shore, with a limestone foundation invisible beneath a thick crust of humid, tropical forest. For 78,000 years, these hills have been home to generation after generation of people, living in a tangle of caves in the foothills.
The entire cave network of Panga ya Saidi is a little over half a mile in length, Michael Petraglia, of the Max Planck Institute, told Haaretz. It is used to this day, though no one has lived inside for many centuries. Instead, these caves, with a main chamber around the size of a small church, are the site of burials and rituals. Petraglia was one of 28 researchers from around the world involved in a recent archaeological excavation and study of Panga ya Saidi, with results published this week in the journal Nature Communications. These excavations, the scientists say, show tens of thousands of years of subtle cultural and technological change.
People first started living in the caves in what is usually called the Middle Stone Age. At first, their technology use seems to have been minimal. Then, some 10,000 years later, the archaeologists say, something shifted, and they began shaping stone into more sophisticated arrowheads, blades, and other tools. From 20,000 years after that, they began producing art, carving images and designs into pieces of bone or tusk.
Three seasons of excavation, between 2010 and 2013, reveal other facts about how these people lived. Despite being close to the coast, they don’t appear to have fished, instead living off the animals and plants they found in the forests around the network of caves. (They did, however, gather shells, which they made into beads.)
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